The shoulder is an intricate multidimensional joint complex consisting of four separate connection points of bones responsible for the movement of the hand, arm and shoulder. The lever is one of the simplest of all mechanical devices that can be called a machine. The top of the humerus is shaped like a ball and it sits in a socket on the end of the scapula. Although there is some controversy and speculation among those. Review anatomy of shoulder complex and its function. There is a fine balance between the mobility to perform athletic activities and stability required to power and stabilise the arm. Armstrong, bscpt, md, msc, frcsc department of orthopaedics and rehabilitation, penn state college of medicine, penn state milton s. Primarily the goal of this chapter is to present research that enhances knowledge about the anatomy of the pelvis, how it needs to be actively stabilized, and how this knowledge can assist in more effective treatment for patients with chronic pelvic pain.
Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulder joint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus. Anatomy, biomechanics and pathophysiology of glenohumeral instability. Clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral. Anterior towards or at the front of the body the ribs are anterior to the shoulder blade posterior towards or at the back of the body the spine is posterior to the ribs medial towards or at the midline of the body. A comprehensive understanding of shoulder and elbow biomechanics is essential to plan and treat upper limb conditions. Wish you knew why their shoulders just wont allow them to press overhead. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 85,835 views. Normal scapulothoracic motions that occur during arm elevation include upward rotation, posterior tilting, and either internal or external rotation. Summary mans girdle s the general of his treeswinging ancestors, with of the posture, thorax has from anteriorposterior. Biomechanics of shoulder complex linkedin slideshare. Deltoid force was maximal with the arm abducted 90, and was calculated to be 8.
Movements of the human shoulder represent the result of a complex dynamic interplay of structural bony anatomy and biomechanics, static ligamentous and tendinous restraints, and dynamic muscle forces. Edgehughes, lm anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, diagnosis and treatment of teres major strains in the canine. O n one hand, this m obility is because of little bony congruity of its artic ulating surfaces. Anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis clinical gate. The biomechanics of the shoulder is how the shoulder moves, as well as the scientific study of this movement.
Pratt, phd, pt professor, orthopedic surgery and anatomy program director, orthopedic physical therapy, hahnemann university, philadelphia, pennsylvania t he purpose of this article is to discuss the relevant functional and clinical anatomy and the biomechanics of the shoulder region. Impingement can occur externally with the coracoacromial arch or internally with the glenoid rim. T he joints of the shoulder com plex have to rely on adjacent ligam ents and m uscles to provide stability. Request pdf anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder the anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are. Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport 2nd edition pdf. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama. A number of impingement categories have been identified including subacromial impingement or external impingement. Shoulder biomechanics with karen clippinger workshop 3544. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder request pdf. This chapter presents the clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the pelvis and lumbar spine. Because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved. The rotator interval contains multiple static stabilizers of the shoulder, and its integrity is important for anterior and inferior stability of the shoulder, especially when the shoulder is adducted. She teaches how you can be more effective in the execution of the exercises as well as teaching clients with injuries and injury prevention. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder sciencedirect.
Frankel and burnsteins4 classic text on orthopedic biomechanics was so difficult to understand that it was not fully appre ciated. While coaches do not need to become experts on anatomy and biomechanics, developing an understanding of the principles. The major ity of the discussion involves the specific areas where the motion. Sep 25, 2015 shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular. A total shoulder limitation motion, to slightly of humem i head if rotator with a prosthesis. Many conditions affect the bony and soft tissue structures of the upper limb. Helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of the humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula 16. Clinical anatomy the application of anatomy to clinical practice kinematics describes the motion of objects without consideration of the causes leading to the motion biomechanics the application of mechanical principles to living organisms. Shooting technique and biomechanics 15 bow arm, shoulder joint, elbow and wrist 19 head position and spine 22 drawing arm, shoulder, elbow and wrist 23 compound archer 24 release 25 drawing technique 25 predraw 26 bow shoulder 26 drawing the bow 26. Morrey, md, kainan an, phd because of its component parts, a description of the biomechanics of the shoulder complex is rather involved.
The shoulder and arm the two main bones of the shoulder are the humerus and the scapula shoulder blade. Join karen clippinger in her workshop that brings scientific information about anatomy and shoulder biomechanics and makes it practical and usable when you are teaching. Because of the multiple joints involved during shoulder movement, it is prudent to refer to the area as the shoulder complex. Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport, second edition, concentrates on the various ways in which an athletewhether the average participant or the elite competitorcan modify technique to achieve optimal performance. Anatomy and biomechanics of the unstable shoulder fulltext. Proceedings of the rvc 2nd annual veterinary physiotherapy conference, suppl. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. Which muscle is a powerful defense to the front of the shoulderjoint, preventing displacement of the head of the humerus.
The scapula extends up and around the shoulder joint at the rear to form a roof called the acromion, and around the shoulder joint at the front to form the coracoid process. Thus, the labral avulsion injury is often associated with excessive capsular laxity that promotes a pathological redundancy fig. In order to better understand the biomechanics of the shoulder it is important to understand its anatomy. Shoulder anatomy and biomechanics physical medicine. Shoulder anatomy, biomechanics and rehabilitation considerations for the whitewater slalom athletepart ii. Biomechanical summary of reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. Abstractbuttaci cj, stitik tp, yonclas pp, foye pm. Biomechanics according to millers anatomy, the teres major muscle acts to flex the shoulder joint. Bio mechanics of the shoulder free download as powerpoint presentation. Its emphasis on athletic assessment and physical capacity modification provides a unique perspective that will help coaches and other sport. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint jama surgery jama network. The shoulder complex involves 3 physiological joints and one floating joint. It is important to reevaluate functional mechanics before and after each treatment intervention. Hershey medical center, h089, 500 university drive, p. The humeroacromial interface is dis cussed with the glenohumeral joint. Normal anatomy and biomechanics of the knee fred flandry, md, facsw and gabriel hommel, md abstract. Glenohumeral ligaments static ligamentous restraints in different arm positions. Chapter 1 clinical anatomy and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint including stabilizers thay q.
Pdf on jan 1, 20, deepak patkar and others published anatomy and biomechanics of shoulder joint find, read and cite all the research you. Although the bony anatomy and articulation of the glenohumeral joint are important for stability, the addition of the glenoid labrum as well as static and dynamic stabilizers to the shoulder biomechanics contribute to a complex interaction to produce stability through the. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder journal of hand therapy. The sshaped clavicle is a long bone, superficial and horizontal throughout. Introduction shoulder joint gh joint has more mobility than stability.
Box 850, hershey, pa 170330850, usa a sound understanding of elbow anatomy and. Muscles crossing the elbow compress the elbow joint, enhancing the osseous stability of the elbow and functioning as dynamic constraints. To instruct the student, through selfpaced study, of the anatomy and basic biomechanics of the human shoulder. Shoulder biomechanics lecture originally developed by bryan morrison, ph. Pratt, phd, pt professor, orthopedic surgery and anatomy program director, orthopedic physical therapy, hahnemann university, philadelphia, pennsylvania t he purpose of this article is to discuss the relevant functional and clinical anatomy and the biomechanics of the shoulder. This puts greater demands on the muscles for securing the shoulder girdle.
Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulationsthe patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Biomechanics of the shoulder and elbow sciencedirect. Biomechanics of the shoulder girdle audio and pdf yoga. A comprehensive study of shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and knowledge of the benefits of exercise, may help clinicians and healthcare practitioners determine the. It discusses bones, ligaments, muscles and other structures that make up the shoulder joint. Shoulder ligaments only act in the extreme positions of the range of motion rom, and remain lax if the shoulder is at rest or during nonextreme rom 21. The anatomies and biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic articulation are the subjects of this article. At 60 of abduction, the downward short rotator force was maximal at 9. It is a ball and socket modified ovoid joint and it is the most mobile joint in the body. Basic shoulder biomechanics there are three joints in the shoulder complex. The shoulder area is infamously known to be one of the most complex regions of the body to evaluate and rehabilitate. The shoulder ligamentous anatomy is clearly different from the knee ligaments, as there are no shoulder ligaments that maintain tension throughout the complete movement arch of the shoulder. Bio mechanics of the shoulder shoulder anatomical terms. Biomechanics of the shoulder journal of orthopaedic.
Carmichael, phdt the terminology of engineering has made bio mechanics unnecessarily confusing and intimidat ing to many clinicians. Dont wait until later to see if your treatment affected the. Shoulder pain is a frequent presenting complaint to physiatrists. Oct 16, 2016 introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. Lennard funk the shoulder is potentially one of the most unstable joints of the body, with very little bony stability or containment and has been likened to a golf ball on a golf tee.
Apr 14, 2014 rehabilitation for total shoulder replacement part i. The shoulder anatomical and biomechanics aspects palestrica. Introduction the shoulder is composed of 3 synovial joints. To effectively rehabilitate a shoulder injury in clinical practice, it is important to have a functional knowledge of the underlying biomechanics. Further elevation of the arm above the head accomplished by. By improving the biomechanics of the shoulder, we can reinforce. Shoulder impingement is a common condition presumed to contribute to rotator cuff disease. Shoulder joint anatomy medvizz anatomy medical animations. The glenohumeral joint provides the largest range of motion among all diarthrodial joints but also has the greatest propensity for instability. This often results in reduced movement and function, necessitating replacement or restoration of normal anatomy. Biomechanics of the shoulder complex look at how the entire shoulder complex moves and start to get a feel for where the restrictions are and where they compensate. A comprehensive study of shoulder anatomy and biomechanics, and knowledge of the benefits of exercise, may help clinicians and healthcare practitioners determine the most appropriate treatment.
To make the subject at once comprehensive and relevant to the clinician, the structure and function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints are dealt with first. Bhanu prakash usmle, fmge and neet pg 87,698 views. Want to understand how you can assess the reason why their knees buckle. Furthermore, external rotation of the shoulder is altered with rotator interval pathology. Halder, md, phd, eijii itoi, md, phd, and kainan an, phd. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder in throwing. Scientificclinical articles j anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder neal e. Basic anatomy and biomechanics by wayne spratford understanding the structure of the human body and how the body moves is important for coaches who are seeking to improve and develop their coaching. Chapter 6 biomechanics of the shoulder eiji itoi, md, phd, bernard f.
The glenohumeral joint has six degrees of freedom of motion, which can be. At the end of the course the student will be able to. Its emphasis on athletic assessment and physical capacity modification provides a unique perspective that will help coaches and other sport professionals appraise. The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimize fast stretchshortening cycle training. Shoulder impingement is a common condition believed to contribute to the development or progression of rotator cuff disease michener et al. Only sc joint connects the components of shoulder joint to the axial skeleton. These motions occur at the many joints formed by the speci. T he shoulder com plex has the greatest m o bility of all joints.
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